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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
Long-Lifespan and High-Rate Energy Storage Enabled by Lithium-Free Batteries with External Li Supply
Xinwei Du1, Shu Chen1, Ziyang Kang1
1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Research Center of AI for Polymer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Abstract:
Energy storage batteries are pivotal for enabling reliable integration of renewable energy systems, yet further advancements in their longevity and rate performance remain imperative. Lithium (Li)-free cathode materials, while offering exceptional electrochemical stability, rate capability, and cost efficiency, face a critical limitation: the absence of active Li ions when paired with conventional graphite anodes. To address this challenge, a Li-free battery design is presented that integrates a graphite|TiS2 pouch cell architecture with a standard electrolyte modified by lithium trifluoromethanesulfinate (LiSO2CF3). This additive serves as an in situ Li-ion reservoir, electrochemically releasing Li ions during operation without generating deleterious residues or compromising structural integrity. The optimized cell achieves an unprecedented cycle life exceeding 14 000 cycles at a high current rate of 10C, alongside remarkable sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This work establishes a practical pathway for deploying long-lasting, fast-charging Li-free batteries in grid-scale energy storage applications.
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