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Related Concept Videos

Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas
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In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas

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Reprogramming of Different Cell Lineages into Functional β-Cell Substitutes.

Anna A Dattoli1, Yosip Kelemen1, Xiaofeng Huang1

  • 1Division of Regenerative Medicine and Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Cellular Reprogramming
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Direct reprogramming offers a promising alternative to traditional insulin therapy for diabetes. This method generates insulin-producing beta-like cells from various sources, avoiding immune rejection and ethical concerns associated with cell transplantation.

Keywords:
MAFANGN3PDX1beta cellsstomachtranscription factors

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In Vitro Colony Assays for Characterizing Tri-potent Progenitor Cells Isolated from the Adult Murine Pancreas
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Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine
  • Endocrinology and metabolic diseases

Background:

  • Insulin therapy, used since 1922, transformed diabetes management but long-term use causes complications.
  • Beta-cell replacement offers an alternative but requires immunosuppressants, posing immunological challenges.
  • Current sources include limited deceased donors and embryonic stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in direct reprogramming strategies for generating beta-like cells.
  • To highlight key transcriptional regulators involved in phenotypic conversion into beta-like cells.
  • To explore the potential of autologous therapies for diabetes treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on direct reprogramming techniques.
  • Focus on transcriptional regulators driving cell fate conversion.
  • Analysis of strategies for generating functional beta-like cells from non-pancreatic sources.

Main Results:

  • Direct reprogramming enables the generation of beta-like cells from various cell types.
  • Key transcriptional regulators are identified that control cell phenotype and function.
  • Autologous cell generation mitigates immune rejection and ethical concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Direct reprogramming is a promising strategy for autologous beta-cell replacement therapy in diabetes.
  • This approach bypasses the need for immunosuppression and embryonic stem cells.
  • Further research into transcriptional regulators can optimize beta-like cell generation and function.