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How Has Japan's Cannabis Control Act Been Amended?

Yuji Masataka^1,2,3,4, Yoshiyuki Akahoshi^3,5, Munenori Katayama⁶

¹Department of Neurology, Kumamoto Seijo Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.

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Area of Science:

Legal and Social Sciences
Pharmacology
Regulatory Affairs

Background:

Japan's Cannabis Control Act, established in 1948, has been significantly revised for the first time in 2023.
Previous legislation maintained a rigid framework, restricting cannabis for medical and industrial purposes.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the content and implications of Japan's 2023 cannabis law amendments.
To assess changes in medical applications, industrial use, and drug control policies.

Main Methods:

Review of governmental documents and legislative records.
Analysis of secondary sources on regulatory shifts.
Focus on three key domains: medical, industrial, and drug control.

Main Results:

Cannabis-derived medical products may be prescribed by physicians under a new regulatory framework.
Industrial use restrictions on cannabis (excluding mature stalks and seeds) have been lifted.
Stricter THC thresholds and new penalties for cannabis use have been implemented, alongside its continued regulation as an illicit substance.

Conclusions:

The 2023 amendment marks a major policy shift in Japan, balancing new cannabis opportunities with drug control.
The practical impact of these changes requires ongoing observation and monitoring.