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Neurophysiological Basis of Emotional Face Perception and Working Memory Load in a Dual-Task MEG Study.

Katharina Lingelbach1,2, Jochem W Rieger2

  • 1Applied Neurocognitive Systems, Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering IAO, Stuttgart, Germany.

Human Brain Mapping
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Processing emotional faces and working memory (WM) load in dual-tasks taxes cognitive resources, especially for negative emotions and high WM demands. This neurophysiological study reveals how these factors interact, impacting attention and task performance.

Keywords:
dual‐taskemotional face processingevent‐related magnetic fields (ERFs)eye‐trackingmagnetoencephalography (MEG)oscillationsworking memory load

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the neurophysiological interplay between emotional face processing and working memory (WM) load within dual-task paradigms.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for comprehending cognitive resource allocation and attentional control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurophysiological effects of emotional face processing, WM load, and their interaction during a dual-task.
  • To examine how event-related magnetic fields (ERFs), oscillations, and eye-tracking metrics are modulated by emotional expressions and WM demands.

Main Methods:

  • A combined magnetoencephalography (MEG) and eye-tracking study was conducted with 47 participants performing a dual-task.
  • The dual-task involved interleaved facial emotion discrimination and visuo-spatial n-back tasks.
  • Source-space cluster analyses were used to analyze ERFs and oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Negative facial expressions enhanced ERFs in emotion-processing regions, suggesting amplified processing and attentional control recruitment.
  • High WM load reduced alpha and beta oscillations in temporo- and parieto-occipital areas.
  • Interaction trends indicated diminished emotion-specific processing under high WM load and emotion-specific interference in gaze behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Dual-tasking with emotional faces and high WM load leads to greater cognitive resource depletion, particularly for negative expressions.
  • The study clarifies how emotional faces modulate brain activity in dual-tasks and elucidates mechanisms of emotion discrimination and WM load effects on neural oscillations and behavior.