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Updated: Sep 19, 2025
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Published on: March 14, 2018
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State of South Dakota's Child: 2024
Ann L Wilson1,2, Tyler A Hemmingson3, Brad Randall4
1Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine.
Summary
South Dakota
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Maternal and Child Health
- Demographics
Background:
- South Dakota's birth rate reached a historic low in 2023.
- The proportion of American Indian, Black, and Other (AIBO) infants in the birth cohort is declining.
- Newborns with low birth weights are increasing, with disparities observed between AIBO and White infants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze trends in live births, birth weight, prenatal care utilization, and infant mortality in South Dakota.
- To examine racial disparities in infant health outcomes, particularly for American Indian, Black, and Other (AIBO) populations compared to White populations.
- To identify contributing factors to racial disparities in infant mortality.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of live birth data, birth weight, and infant mortality rates in South Dakota from 2022-2023.
- Comparison of health outcomes between AIBO and White newborns.
- Examination of prenatal care utilization across racial groups.
- Trend analysis of infant mortality rates (neonatal and post-neonatal) between 2019-2023.
Main Results:
- South Dakota's birth rate hit a record low in 2023. The percentage of AIBO infants decreased, while the diversity of newborns increased.
- AIBO newborns had higher rates of very low and mid-low birth weights compared to White newborns. Prenatal care access was lower for AIBO women.
- Infant mortality rate decreased overall, but AIBO infants experienced significantly higher mortality rates than White infants between 2019-2023, especially from perinatal causes, congenital anomalies, and SUID.
Conclusions:
- Despite an overall decrease in infant mortality, significant racial disparities persist in South Dakota, with AIBO infants facing higher risks.
- Lower rates of first-trimester prenatal care and higher rates of low birth weight among AIBO infants contribute to adverse outcomes.
- Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) is a leading cause of post-neonatal mortality, highlighting a critical area for targeted interventions to reduce racial disparities.
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