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Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
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Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

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Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

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The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advanced Integrated Model for Sepsis-Induced Myopathy and Single-Cell Metabolic Analysis
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Children with Post COVID-19 Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Display Unique Pathophysiological Metabolic Phenotypes.

Nathan G Lawler1, Lael M Yonker2,3, Samantha Lodge1

  • 1Australian National Phenome Center, and Center for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.

Journal of Proteome Research
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) show distinct metabolic changes, particularly in lipids. These metabolic disruptions in pediatric COVID-19 mirror severe adult cases, suggesting shared inflammatory pathways and potential long-term health effects.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2hyper-inflammationinflammationlipidslipoproteinsmass spectrometrynuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopyphenoconversion

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infections in children range from mild to severe, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Children (MIS-C).
  • Understanding the metabolic impact of COVID-19 in pediatric populations is crucial for assessing long-term health consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct metabolic profiles of children with acute COVID-19 and MIS-C compared to healthy controls.
  • To identify specific metabolic alterations and inflammatory markers associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric serum.

Main Methods:

  • Metabolic profiling of 147 children's serum samples (acute COVID-19, MIS-C, healthy controls).
  • Utilized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure 1101 metabolites.
  • Analyzed lipid classes, Apo-B100/Apo-A1 ratio, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers.

Main Results:

  • Distinct metabolic profiles were observed in acute COVID-19 and MIS-C patients, with significant lipid alterations.
  • Both groups showed an elevated Apo-B100/Apo-A1 ratio and increased serum inflammatory markers.
  • MIS-C patients exhibited unique disruptions, including elevated triglycerides and altered lipoprotein composition, mirroring severe adult COVID-19 metabolic disturbances.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C induce significant metabolic disturbances, particularly in lipid metabolism.
  • The shared metabolic alterations with severe adult COVID-19 suggest a common inflammatory response pathway.
  • These findings highlight potential long-term health impacts and the need for further research into COVID-19's metabolic consequences in children.