Exercise interventions in patients with multiple myeloma: a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Exercise Science

Background:

• Multiple myeloma (MM) significantly impacts patients' motor function and quality of life.
• Current exercise guidelines for MM patients are lacking, necessitating tailored rehabilitation strategies.
• Early rehabilitation through exercise is crucial for managing MM symptoms and improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically analyze exercise interventions for multiple myeloma (MM) rehabilitation.
• To clarify the specific components, outcome measures, and effects of these interventions.
• To provide evidence-based references for healthcare professionals managing MM patients.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive scoping review methodology was employed.
• Searches were conducted in major Chinese and international databases up to October 1, 2024.
• Included literature underwent systematic summarization and critical analysis following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Main Results:

• Seventeen studies were included: 10 RCTs, 4 single-arm trials, 1 retrospective cohort, and 2 quasi-experimental studies.
• Exercise modalities comprised aerobic, resistance training, and Nordic walking.
• Typical protocols involved 3-5 sessions/week, 30-60 minutes per session.

Conclusions:

• Exercise interventions demonstrate positive effects on fatigue, functional capacity, quality of life, and psychological well-being in MM patients.
• Despite variability in protocols, exercise is safe and beneficial, guiding personalized plan development.
• Future research should focus on standardized, individualized protocols, especially for patients with bone metastases.