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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
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Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films
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Color-Tunable Glass for Adaptable Thermal Management Based on Silver Phase Change.

Mi Jin Hong1, Seon Kyeong Kim2, Jung Mi Im1

  • 1School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel colored thermal engineering glass for passive thermal management. This adaptable material can function as both a photothermal heater and a radiative cooler, offering energy-saving solutions for buildings.

Keywords:
Ag nanoparticlesanti‐foggingphotothermal heaterplasmonic resonanceradiative cooler

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Energy

Background:

  • Passive thermal management is crucial for energy saving and reducing carbon emissions.
  • Traditional photothermal devices and radiative coolers have limitations in architectural applications due to complexity and aesthetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile, colored thermal engineering glass for passive thermal management.
  • To enable selective photothermal heating or radiative cooling functionalities.
  • To enhance architectural adaptability of thermal management solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of colored thermal engineering glass using a simple annealing process.
  • Formation of silver (Ag) nanoparticles on titanium dioxide (TiO2) film and an Ag layer.
  • Control of Ag layer morphology by adjusting annealing temperature to tune optical properties.

Main Results:

  • Tunable optical efficiencies in visible and long-wave infrared regions were achieved by controlling Ag layer structure.
  • The glass demonstrated selective functionality as either a photothermal heater or a radiative cooler.
  • The metal-insulator-metal structure induced plasmonic resonance, creating tunable visible colors.

Conclusions:

  • The developed colored thermal engineering glass offers a versatile and aesthetically suitable solution for passive thermal management in buildings.
  • The material can function as an anti-fogging photothermal device without external energy.
  • Tunable optical properties and colors enhance its applicability in diverse architectural designs.