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How Treatment-Refractory Addiction Is Defined: A Scoping Review.

Nicholas L Bormann¹, Jesse R Burson, Emily M Burson

¹Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (NLB, JRB, VK, TSO); Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (EMB); Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (MMG); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (BJC); Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO (MG).

Journal of Addiction Medicine

|June 10, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The addiction field lacks a clear definition for individuals who use multiple treatments without remission. Using "treatment-refractory" may better describe this population and guide tailored interventions.

Keywords:

addiction medicine classification substance-related disorders treatment response

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Area of Science:

Addiction Medicine
Clinical Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

The addiction field lacks standardized terminology for individuals with persistent substance use despite multiple treatment attempts.
This ambiguity hinders research and clinical efforts to identify and support this population.

Conclusions:

A consistent definition for continued treatment nonresponse in addiction is needed for effective research and clinical care.
"Treatment-refractory" is suggested as a preferred term over "treatment-resistant" for its person-first language.
An agreed-upon definition will facilitate the identification of this at-risk population and the development of targeted interventions.