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Evaluating adolescent eating autonomy through ecological momentary assessment.

Amanda M Ziegler1,2,3, Lori A Hatzinger1,4, Rachel A Barich1,4

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Adolescents have significant eating autonomy, especially during snacks and when alone. This understanding can guide interventions to improve adolescent dietary behaviors by targeting specific contexts.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Nutritional Psychology

Background:

  • Adolescence involves increased autonomy and the establishment of health behaviors.
  • Adolescents' eating behaviors are influenced by autonomy, especially during unsupervised occasions like snacks.
  • This study is the first to directly assess eating autonomy in adolescent food choices using a momentary design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the construct of eating autonomy in adolescents.
  • Utilize smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to capture real-time data.

Main Methods:

  • Adolescents (n=48, 12-17 years) reported perceived control over food choices over seven days.
  • Contextual data (social setting, time, occasion) were collected for each eating occasion.
  • Hypothesized differences in eating autonomy based on day type, eating occasion, and social company.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents reported higher eating autonomy during snacks and when eating alone.
  • Eating autonomy decreased when adolescents ate with parents or during after-school and dinnertimes.
  • No significant association was found between age and eating autonomy.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents exhibit considerable autonomy in food choices, influenced by social context, occasion type, and time of day.
  • Findings can inform interventions to improve adolescent dietary behaviors by leveraging contexts of higher autonomy.
  • Strategies promoting healthier eating can be shaped by enhancing adolescents' decision-making autonomy in various eating situations.