Immune Monitoring after Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Guidelines by the ISCT Stem Cell...

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Immunology
• Oncology

Background:

• Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and cell therapy (TCT) offer life-saving treatments for hematologic disorders.
• Relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) remain significant challenges in TCT.
• Predictive immune biomarkers for TCT outcomes are not fully established.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a practical guideline for establishing immune monitoring programs in TCT.
• To enhance prognosis prediction and early relapse detection in TCT recipients.
• To explore the utility of liquid biopsies for immune monitoring.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and practices in TCT immune monitoring.
• Focus on minimally invasive specimens like peripheral blood (liquid biopsies).
• Analysis of immune cell development and biomarker diversity.

Main Results:

• Liquid biopsies offer a cost-effective method for evaluating minimal residual disease and genomic profiles.
• Monitoring immune reconstitution via liquid biopsies can track immune cell development.
• Harmonized immune monitoring programs can improve TCT outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Proactive and harmonized immune monitoring programs can enhance TCT prognosis and relapse detection.
• Liquid biopsies show promise for routine clinical application in TCT.
• Further advancements are needed to integrate liquid biopsies into standard TCT clinical practice.