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Embryonic thermal environments drive plasticity in gene expression.

Anthony A Snead1,2, Corey R Quackenbush3, Shawn Trojahn3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 300 Hackberry Lane, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
|June 10, 2025
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Mangrove rivulus embryos show temperature-induced plasticity, altering gene expression to adapt to changing thermal environments. This transcriptional plasticity helps ensure higher fitness in new conditions.

Keywords:
Developmental plasticityThermal plasticityThermal regimeTranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Environmental adaptation
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adjust to environmental changes.
  • Temperature variations are critical for species in variable climates.
  • Mangrove rivulus (Kryptolepias marmoratus) is a eurythermal fish found in fluctuating mangrove ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate transcriptional plasticity in mangrove rivulus embryos under different thermal regimes.
  • To understand how temperature influences gene expression during embryonic development.
  • To identify specific gene pathways affected by thermal variation.

Main Methods:

  • Improved genome assembly for Kryptolepias marmoratus to chromosome-length scaffolds.
  • Whole transcriptome sequencing of embryos exposed to cold and warm temperatures.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns at different developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Temperature and developmental timing significantly modulate embryonic gene expression.
  • Early development shows resistance to stochastic gene expression changes.
  • After the temperature-sensitive period, cold-exposed embryos exhibit canalized gene expression with upregulated DNA replication/repair, organelle, and gas transport pathways, and downregulated nervous system development, cell signaling, and cell adhesion pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Embryonic gene expression in mangrove rivulus is plastic and responsive to thermal environments.
  • Transcriptional shifts can facilitate phenotypic reorganization for adaptation within a generation.
  • This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of environmental adaptation in fish.