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Exploring mental health in Iranian children: insights from a cohort dataset by using the strengths and difficulties

Sulmaz Ghahramani1, Mona Torkaman Cheh2,3, Ahmad Nemati1,4

  • 1Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Discover Mental Health
|June 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Parental education, household smoking, ADHD, and technology use significantly impact children's mental health. Addressing these factors is crucial for improving behavioral difficulties in children.

Area of Science:

  • Child psychology
  • Public health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Investigates mental health in Iranian children aged 9-12 using longitudinal cohort data.
  • Examines a wide range of variables from pregnancy through childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the mental health and behavioral difficulties of Iranian children.
  • To identify factors associated with abnormal Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 714 children in the Fars Birth Cohort (FBC) aged 9-12.
  • Assessed behavioral difficulties via parent-reported phone interviews using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
  • Employed multivariate logistic regression to identify significant risk factors for abnormal SDQ scores.

Main Results:

  • 10.78% and 13.16% of children scored in the borderline and abnormal SDQ categories, respectively.
  • Significant predictors of abnormal scores included higher paternal education, household smoking, ADHD diagnosis, and daily technology use exceeding one hour.
  • Child's age and emotional difficulties were also associated with increased abnormal SDQ scores.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood behavioral difficulties are influenced by a complex interplay of parental, environmental, and child-specific factors.
  • Interventions should target multiple risk factors, including household smoking, hyperactivity, and excessive technology use.
  • Highlights the importance of addressing these factors for improved child mental health outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildCohort studiesIranMental healthParentsStrength and difficulties questionnaire

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