Patterns of sleep problems and associated factors in older people living with HIV: A latent class analysis

BackgroundTo identify sleep subtypes and associated factors in older people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit older PLWH in Wuxi, China. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Latent class analysis was employed to examine sleep patterns, and logistic regression was performed to analyze associated factors.ResultsIn total, 830 participants were recruited with a median age of 60.9 years (IQR 55.4-67.9), of whom 79.0% were male, and 25.4% had sleep disorders. Three sleep patterns were identified: optimal sleep (48.3%), poor sleep (39.9%), and bad sleep (11.8%). Compared to the optimal sleep group, housing area (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91), social media app usage (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.87), and years living with HIV (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.05-2.10) were significantly associated with poor sleep. In contrast, age (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.12-3.20), sex (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.15-3.27), exercise frequency (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02-2.63), polypharmacy (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.14-0.52), and years living with HIV (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.11-3.07) were significantly associated with bad sleep.ConclusionsSignificant heterogeneities were observed across different sleep patterns among older PLWH. Potential associated factors should be considered when developing targeted strategies to improve sleep quality in this population.