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Sexual Crosses with the Mucoromycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus
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Fungal syncytia.

Ameya P Jalihal1, Amy S Gladfelter1

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Many fungi exhibit multinucleation, a common cell organization strategy. This occurs via endomitosis (nuclear division without cell division) or cell-cell fusion, impacting fungal evolution and interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus, unlike prokaryotes.
  • Fungal cells can be multinucleate, forming coenocytes or syncytia.
  • Multinucleation is an ancient and recurrent evolutionary strategy in fungi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of fungal multinucleation.
  • To describe the mechanisms generating multinucleate fungi.
  • To explore the implications of multinucleation in fungi.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evolutionary origins and diversity of fungal multinucleation.
  • Description of endomitosis as a mechanism for multinucleation.
  • Description of cell-cell fusion as a mechanism for multinucleation.

Main Results:

  • Fungal multinucleation is a ubiquitous strategy for cell organization.
  • Two primary mechanisms lead to multinucleation: endomitosis and cell-cell fusion.
  • Multinucleation influences gene expression, cytoplasm patterning, and evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Fungal multinucleation is a widespread and ancient phenomenon.
  • Understanding multinucleation mechanisms is key to fungal biology.
  • Multinucleation impacts fungal cellular processes, recognition, and evolution.