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Related Concept Videos

Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability...
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Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
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The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Quantifying Subcellular Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in the Rodent Brain
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Quantifying Subcellular Ubiquitin-proteasome Activity in the Rodent Brain

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Synaptic activity causes minute-scale changes in BAF complex composition and function.

Sai Gourisankar1, Sabin A Nettles2, Wendy Wenderski3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Molecular Cell
|June 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuronal activity rapidly alters the BAF chromatin remodeling complex composition and subunit modifications. This dynamic remodeling influences gene accessibility, suggesting BAF decodes neural signals.

Keywords:
ATP-dependent chromatin remodelingBAF (mSWI/SNF) complexPBAFactivity-regulated transcriptionchromatin accessibilityexcitatory stimulineuronpolybromo-BAFproteomicssynaptic activity

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • BAF chromatin remodeling complexes are crucial for neural development.
  • Deleterious de novo mutations in BAF genes are linked to intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder.
  • The immediate molecular effects of neuronal activity on BAF complexes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rapid molecular consequences of neuronal activity on BAF complexes.
  • To understand how BAF complexes respond to calcium-activated signaling pathways.
  • To determine the link between BAF complex dynamics and chromatin accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical analysis of BAF complex subunit composition and phosphorylation.
  • Stimulation of mouse neurons and fibroblasts to mimic synaptic activity.
  • Assessment of BAF-dependent changes in chromatin accessibility.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal activity induces rapid (within 15 min) remodeling of BAF complex subunit composition.
  • Subunit phosphorylation and dephosphorylation occur concurrently with remodeling.
  • These biochemical changes are downstream of calcium-activated signaling pathways.
  • Activity-induced BAF remodeling correlates with altered chromatin accessibility.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal activity dynamically regulates the BAF complex's subunit composition.
  • BAF complexes act as signaling hubs, translating membrane-level activity into chromatin modifications.
  • This mechanism provides insight into how BAF mutations may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.