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Relationship between coracoid apex position and anterior shoulder instability
Haluk Yaka1, Ali Adem1, Baran Sarikaya2
1Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Türkiye.
Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
|June 10, 2025
Summary
A superiorly positioned coracoid apex, indicated by lower sagittal central glenoid-coracoid angle (scGCA) values, is significantly associated with anterior shoulder instability (ASI). This finding helps in diagnosing ASI.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Radiology
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- Anterior shoulder instability (ASI) is a common condition.
- The anatomical relationship between the coracoid apex and glenoid may influence ASI.
- Previous studies have not definitively established this association.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between coracoid apex position and ASI.
- To determine if specific angular measurements can predict ASI.
Main Methods:
- 72 patients with ASI and 72 matched controls were analyzed.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure scGCA, acGCA, GV, and GI.
- Radiographs were used to measure the critical shoulder angle (CSA).
Main Results:
- Patients with ASI had significantly lower scGCA and glenoid version (GV) values.
- No significant differences were found in acGCA, GI, or CSA between groups.
- Logistic regression identified scGCA as the only significant predictor of ASI (OR: 1.28).
Conclusions:
- Lower scGCA values, indicating a superior coracoid apex, are independently associated with ASI.
- An scGCA below 34.5° demonstrated 85.7% sensitivity and 73.3% specificity for ASI.
- scGCA is a valuable parameter for assessing ASI risk.
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