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Methods of Classification and Identification

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Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
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Diagnostic Techniques for Dengue Virus.

Juliana Schons Gularte1, Daisy Maria Strottmann2, Fernando Rosado Spilki1

  • 1Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|June 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Accurate laboratory diagnosis is crucial for managing dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease. This overview details current and novel diagnostic methods for dengue virus (DENV) detection and discusses challenges like flavivirus cross-reactivity.

Keywords:
BiosensorsDengue virusDiagnostic techniquesFlavivirus cross-reactivityGenomic SurveillanceOrthoflavivirusPre-analytical phaseRapid diagnostic testsSerological diagnosisVirological diagnosis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant global health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas.
  • Clinical diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other febrile illnesses, including Zika and chikungunya.
  • Accurate laboratory diagnostics are vital for timely clinical management and preventing severe dengue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of existing and emerging dengue diagnostic techniques.
  • To detail the principles, applications, and limitations of various diagnostic methodologies.
  • To explore novel approaches for improving dengue diagnostic accuracy and addressing current challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Virus isolation
  • Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)
  • Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen detection
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Serological tests (IgM/IgG antibodies)
  • Lateral flow point-of-care tests
  • Multiplex platforms
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS)
  • Biosensor-based tests

Main Results:

  • A wide array of diagnostic methods are available, ranging from traditional techniques to advanced molecular and biosensor approaches.
  • Challenges include flavivirus cross-reactivity in serological assays and the impact of dengue vaccination on diagnostic interpretation.
  • Diagnostic strategy selection depends on infection stage, available resources, and local expertise.

Conclusions:

  • Tailoring diagnostic approaches to local capabilities is essential for effective dengue diagnosis and management.
  • Careful interpretation of serological results is necessary, especially in co-circulating flavivirus regions and post-vaccination.
  • Advancements in diagnostics, including novel platforms, offer potential to enhance accuracy and overcome existing limitations.