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Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
Published on: October 18, 2024
Achim Langenbucher1, Jascha Wendelstein, Alan Cayless
1From the Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (Langenbucher); Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Germany (Wendelstein); School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom (Cayless); Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (Szentmáry); Augen- und Laserklinik Castrop-Rauxel, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany (Hoffmann); Great Lakes Eye Care, Saint Joseph, Michigan (Cooke); Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan (Cooke); Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France (Gatinel); University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (Goggin); Eye and Retina Surgeons, Singapore (Yeo); Copenhagen Eye Center and Aros Private Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (Olsen).
Correcting astigmatism with various methods can lead to calculation errors. This guide highlights potential pitfalls in astigmatic surface and vergence calculations, offering clinical examples to ensure accuracy.
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