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Assessing Motor Cortical Activity: How Repetitions Impact Motor Execution and Imagery Analysis.

Marta Borràs1,2,3, Sergio Romero1,2,3, Leidy Y Serna1,2,3

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Department of Automatic Control (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.

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Summary

Reducing trials in motor imagery and execution studies can obscure differences between brain activity and increase variability. An optimal number of trials is essential for reliable results in motor control research.

Keywords:
LORETAelectroencephalography (EEG)event related desynchronization (ERD)motor execution (ME)motor imagery (MI)motor‐related cortical activitymotor‐related cortical potential (MRCP)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Brain-Computer Interfaces

Background:

  • Motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) engage shared neural networks but exhibit distinct cortical activity patterns.
  • Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) are key metrics for analyzing cortical activity.
  • Averaging techniques require numerous trials, potentially leading to fatigue and affecting data reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of reducing the number of trials on MRCPs and ERD in mu and beta bands during upper-limb movements.
  • To assess how trial reduction affects the statistical significance of differences between ME and MI.
  • To identify specific movements and cortical features most sensitive to reduced trial counts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo analysis to evaluate motor-related cortical features, scalp topography, and LORETA.
  • Examined upper-limb movements including elbow flexion/extension, forearm pronation/supination, and hand opening/closing.
  • Assessed differences between ME and MI under varying trial numbers.

Main Results:

  • The impact of reduced trials varied across different movements and cortical features.
  • Statistical significance of differences between ME and MI decreased with fewer trials.
  • Hand movements (opening/closing) and mu-band ERD were most sensitive to trial reduction, showing increased intersubject variability.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing the number of trials can diminish the detectability of differences between motor execution and imagery.
  • Findings underscore the necessity of an optimal trial count for ensuring the reliability and validity of motor-related cortical activity studies.
  • Topographic maps and LORETA supported the link between reduced trials, increased variability, and diminished statistical power.