A Rare and Challenging Presentation of an Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumour: A Case Report

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumours (IMTs) are rare pulmonary neoplasms, accounting for less than 1% of lung tumours. Patients present with non-specific symptoms and diverse radiological findings. A 32-year-old female presented with progressively worsening cough, haemoptysis, low-grade fever and increasing shortness of breath. Chest X-ray revealed a total right lung collapse. Further imaging revealed a mass obstructing the right mainstem bronchus. A staged debulking procedure using rigid bronchoscopy was performed, followed by the insertion of a silicone stent to maintain airway patency. Endobronchial growth turned out to be an Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumour. The patient showed significant improvement in respiratory function and lung re-expansion. Adjuvant therapy with ALK inhibitor was initiated. IMTs, while benign histologically, may recur or metastasise, requiring long-term monitoring. Bronchoscopic interventions offer effective treatment for localised disease, while surgery is preferred for extensive tumours. Early diagnosis, genetic profiling and a multidisciplinary approach are key for optimal outcomes.