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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Research
  • Health Policy Development

Background:

  • Suicide prevention is a global challenge disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • Existing suicide prevention strategies often rely on data from high-income countries (HICs), which may not be applicable to LMICs.
  • The Kisumu County Government (KCG) in Kenya identified the need for a localized suicide prevention plan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the Kisumu County Suicide Prevention Action Plan (KCSPAP).
  • To inform suicide prevention efforts in a Kenyan context, independent of HIC-centric models.
  • To create a sustainable, data-driven public health framework for suicide prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A multidisciplinary workgroup and stakeholder engagement.
  • Mixed-methods approach including literature review, data analysis (mental health indicators, death certificates), focus groups, and key informant interviews.
  • Organized findings within a public health prevention framework and data collection framework.

Main Results:

  • Identified higher rates of suicide completions versus attempts, with organophosphate poisoning as a leading method.
  • Determined key risk factors (male gender, age 19-45, married status) and community perceptions (stigma, varied views on decriminalization).
  • Highlighted needs for improved data collection, awareness campaigns, and integrated mental health services.

Conclusions:

  • The KCSPAP provides a model for homegrown policymaking based on local evidence and knowledge.
  • This approach offers benefits for suicide prevention in LMICs and can be adapted globally.
  • Implementation of KCSPAP recommendations by the KCG demonstrates the practical application of localized strategies.