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Summary

The middle collateral artery (MCA) is often mislabeled as "medial." Historical and anatomical evidence supports "middle collateral artery" as the accurate term, improving medical communication and education.

Keywords:
Computed tomographyMedial collateral arteryMiddle collateral arteryPedicle flapProfunda brachii

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • The middle collateral artery (MCA) is frequently referred to as the "medial" collateral artery in current literature.
  • This non-standard terminology may cause confusion in medical education and interdisciplinary communication due to the artery's actual anatomical position.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide anatomical and historical evidence supporting the original terminology of "middle collateral artery."
  • To address the potential misunderstandings caused by the misnomer "medial" collateral artery.

Main Methods:

  • A 300-year historical review of anatomical texts concerning MCA nomenclature.
  • Cadaveric dissection of the MCA in three specimens, demonstrating its vascular contribution to pedicled flaps.
  • Computed tomography (CT) imaging with 3D reconstruction of three additional specimens following barium sulfate infusion.

Main Results:

  • The term "middle" collateral artery predates "medial" collateral artery by 80 years.
  • The term "medial" likely originated from a mistranslation of the Latin term "arteria collateralis media."
  • Dissections and CT imaging confirmed the MCA's posterolateral position, situated between the anterolateral radial collateral artery and the medial superior ulnar collateral artery.

Conclusions:

  • The term "medial" collateral artery is an anatomical misnomer.
  • "Middle" collateral artery accurately reflects its anatomical location.
  • Recommending the consistent use of "middle" collateral artery to enhance clarity in scientific literature and medical practice.