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Polysulfoniums, advanced cationic polymers, show potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity by disrupting microbial membranes. Their biocompatibility and tunable properties make them ideal for drug delivery, wound healing, and combating resistant infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polysulfoniums are sulfur-rich cationic polymers with trivalent sulfonium motifs.
  • They possess high charge density, structural flexibility, and biocompatibility, making them promising biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review highlights recent synthetic strategies for polysulfoniums.
  • It explores their applications in various biomedical fields, including antimicrobial therapies and drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of main-chain polymer synthesis via thiol-ene/epoxy click chemistry.
  • Discussion of pendant functionalization using ROMP, ROP, or RAFT polymerization and postpolymerization alkylation.
  • Analysis of sulfonium group interactions with microbial membranes and protein stabilization.

Main Results:

  • Polysulfoniums exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial action against pathogens like MRSA by selectively disrupting anionic microbial membranes, without inducing resistance.
  • Stimuli-triggered dissociation enhances intracellular delivery, improving efficacy and reducing toxicity.
  • Tunable UCST/LCST behavior and anion/pH responsiveness enable smart hydrogels for wound healing and biofilm removal.
  • Superior biocompatibility and membrane disruption compared to ammonium and phosphonium analogs.

Conclusions:

  • Polysulfoniums are versatile biomaterials with significant potential in healthcare.
  • Their unique properties make them ideal for antimicrobial coatings, gene therapy, and cancer treatment.
  • The synergy between polymer science and biotechnology offers solutions for critical healthcare challenges.