[Renal tumours].

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Oncology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Renal tumors frequently appear during abdominal imaging studies.
• Most identified renal masses are simple benign cysts, requiring minimal intervention.
• Complex cysts and solid renal masses necessitate further evaluation and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the diagnostic and management approaches for renal tumors found on abdominal imaging.
• To highlight the importance of Bosniak classification for complex renal cysts.
• To outline recommendations for the workup of solid renal tumors and hereditary syndromes.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and imaging guidelines for renal masses.
• Discussion of diagnostic criteria for simple cysts, complex cysts, and solid renal tumors.
• Emphasis on the role of imaging in identifying patients with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes.

Main Results:

• Simple benign cysts are the most common renal finding.
• Complex cysts require Bosniak classification for appropriate monitoring or treatment.
• Diagnostic biopsy is advised for solid tumors between 2 and 4 cm if clinically indicated.
• Hereditary syndromes, though rare, increase kidney cancer risk and require timely diagnosis.

Conclusions:

• Accurate classification and management of renal tumors are crucial for patient outcomes.
• Early diagnosis of hereditary predisposition syndromes enables proactive cancer management and follow-up.
• A systematic approach to renal mass evaluation improves patient care and reduces unnecessary interventions.