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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Antimony vs. bismuth: structural differences in Cat{[MCl₅](I₂)} halogen bond-linked supramolecular complexes.

Nikita A Korobeynikov¹, Andrey N Usoltsev¹, Maxim N Sokolov¹

¹Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Lavrentieva St. 3, Novosibirsk, Russia. adonin@niic.nsc.ru.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|June 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New hybrid chloroantimonates and chlorobismuthates featuring halogen-bonded iodine were synthesized. These compounds exhibit diverse crystal structures despite similar formulas, with halogen bonding analyzed theoretically.

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Published on: December 29, 2016

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Crystal Engineering
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Halogen bonding is a crucial non-covalent interaction in crystal engineering.
The exploration of hybrid organic-inorganic materials with unique structural motifs is ongoing.
Antimony(III) and Bismuth(III) halides offer versatile coordination chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel hybrid chloroantimonates(III) and chlorobismuthates(III).
To investigate the role and features of halogen bonding in these new compounds.
To explore the structural diversity arising from similar supramolecular anionic units.

Main Methods:

Hydrothermal synthesis involving metal oxides (Sb2O3/Bi2O3), iodine (I2), and bis(pyridines) in HCl.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
Computational methods (e.g., theoretical analysis) to examine halogen bonding.

Main Results:

Four new hybrid compounds with the general formula (H2L){[MCl5](I2)} (L=bpe, bpp; M=Sb(III), Bi(III)) were successfully synthesized.
Despite sharing the same supramolecular anionic formula {[MCl5](I2)}, the compounds exhibited three distinct structural types.
Analysis confirmed the presence and significance of halogen bond-linked I2 units within the crystal structures.

Conclusions:

The synthesis yielded novel hybrid metal halides incorporating halogen-bonded iodine.
Structural diversity was observed, highlighting the nuanced packing arrangements in these systems.
Theoretical examination provided insights into the nature of halogen bonding in the studied compounds.