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Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation01:10

Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive peaks (the highest point) or troughs (the lowest point) in the wave. Frequency is the...
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Interaction of EM Radiation with Matter: Spectroscopy01:12

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation can be considered an oscillating electric and magnetic field propagating through a medium that can interact with matter in its path. The electric field in the radiation can interact with electrical charges in the atoms or molecules in the matter. On the other hand, the magnetic field can interact with the magnetic field in the atomic nucleus. The study of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter is termed spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is the study...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

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Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
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Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

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Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the...
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Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

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The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
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Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

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Causality Implications for Absorption by EM Metasurfaces.

Constantinos Valagiannopoulos1

  • 1School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780 Athens, Greece.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes electromagnetic metasurfaces, revealing how plasma frequency and damping affect absorption. Results guide the design of spectrally selective photonic devices.

Keywords:
Lorentz oscillatorabsorptioncausalitymetasurface

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetic metasurfaces
  • Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Metasurfaces offer tunable electromagnetic properties.
  • Understanding absorption in metasurfaces is crucial for device applications.
  • Previous studies often focused on specific designs or limited frequency ranges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically evaluate the total absorbed power in a causal electromagnetic metasurface.
  • To establish sum rules for global absorption characteristics.
  • To investigate the influence of key parameters on spectral absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical evaluation of absorbed power integral over the frequency axis.
  • Derivation of sum rules for metasurface absorption.
  • Analysis of parameter dependencies (plasma frequency, damping factor, incidence angle).

Main Results:

  • Identified beneficial effects of plasma frequency and damping factor on total absorbance.
  • Observed an inverse relationship between incidence angle and absorption.
  • Discovered lossless behavior under specific conditions (magnetic field parallel to interface, evanescent waves).

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide a general framework for understanding absorption in planar electromagnetic structures.
  • Results are applicable to tailoring spectrally dependent absorption.
  • The study aids in the forward and inverse design of lossy photonic metasurface setups.