Role of microRNAs in Osteosarcopenic Obesity/Adiposity: A Scoping Review

Background: Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome, also defined as osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA), is characterized by the concurrent loss of bone and muscle mass, accompanied by excess fat, leading to reduced functionality and metabolic imbalances. Recent studies have highlighted the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiology of OSO/OSA, showing differential expression in individuals with osteosarcopenia and obesity. However, a thorough investigation in this area has been limited. Methods: A comprehensive search of international bibliographic databases, including Embase, PubMed and Scopus, was conducted. Results: From an initial search yielding 1311 records, 19 studies met the eligibility criteria for final evaluation. These findings highlight how physical exercise and nutritional factors can influence miRNA expression, emphasizing their role in promoting better health outcomes in aging populations. Furthermore, the critical role of miRNAs as indicators of muscle atrophy and the biological processes associated with aging and sarcopenia have been documented in various animal studies. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this review, the findings indicate that miRNAs could serve as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for managing OSO/OSA. These results suggest that targeted interventions, such as resistance training and lifelong exercise, may effectively influence miRNA expression, potentially alleviating the impacts of OSO/OSA.