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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

2.3K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Selectins01:25

Selectins

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
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Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Complement in Cancer.

Pradipta Pal1,2, Praneet Wahi1,2, Arvind Sahu1,2,3

  • 1BRIC-National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra, India.

European Journal of Immunology
|June 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system

Keywords:
anaphylatoxinscomplement proteinscomplement receptorscomplement regulatorstumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The complement system is a crucial bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Its function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex, exhibiting both pro- and anti-tumor effects.
  • Recent research highlights the dual role of complement in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of the complement system in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • To elucidate how complement proteins influence various immune cells and inflammatory responses in cancer.
  • To discuss the implications for anti-tumor immunity and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on complement system in cancer.
  • Analysis of complement's impact on immune cells like T cells, NK cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms and clinical trials targeting complement in oncology.

Main Results:

  • Complement system significantly shapes immune cell functions within the TME.
  • Complement proteins can promote or inhibit tumor growth through distinct inflammatory pathways.
  • Evidence suggests complement's influence on the efficacy of anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of complement's role in oncoimmunology is essential.
  • Targeting the complement system holds promise for developing novel cancer therapeutics.
  • Further research into complement-driven mechanisms can optimize anti-cancer strategies.