The importance of sheep genetics and diversity: a bibliometric review

This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of published research on sheep genetics and diversity by examining temporal publication trends, identifying thematic patterns through keyword analysis, and exploring citation and collaboration networks. In addition to mapping the evolution of scientific interest in this field, the study evaluates the influence of these research trends on policy development and technological innovation, including patenting activity. By integrating bibliometric indicators with qualitative insights, the study offers a detailed understanding of how research in sheep genetics contributes to the conservation and strategic use of genetic resources. A search of the Scopus database (Elsevier) retrieved over 16,000 papers from more than 1,700 journals. Our findings indicate that the research on this topic is predominantly concentrated in the United States, China, and Australia, with limited data available from countries in Central Africa. This geographical distribution is reflected in funding sources and author affiliations. Major funding sources include China, the European Commission, and Brazil. Leading research institutions are primarily based in Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. More studies are needed in central Africa to address the regional gaps. Small Ruminant Research currently stands as the leading journal in sheep genetics and diversity, closely followed by Animals and Animal Production Science. In the past, however, the Journal of Animal Science and Animal Genetics held more prominence. There is considerable variability in journal impact, with Indian publications generally exhibiting lower impact metrics. Research themes primarily focus on veterinary concerns, including disease resistance, reproduction, and adaptation to climate change. While collaborations between international and academic-corporate partners can enhance the impact of research, the overall level of collaboration remains low. The study also addresses discussions related to policy and patenting, highlighting gaps such as the limited application of findings to local policymaking contexts. Genetic diversity in farm animals is key for resilience, innovation, and sustainability in global food systems. However, there is a significant lack of studies from Central Africa. Major research funding is provided by China, the European Commission, and Brazil, while institutions from Australia, Europe, and New Zealand play a key role. Innovative technologies, such as genomics, are showing a growing research focus. This study highlights the pressing need for diverse research efforts and international collaborations to effectively address global livestock genetics issues.