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Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent...
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

19.1K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
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Investigation of the third-order nonlinear optical properties of a cobalt(II) complex constructed from

Ning Zhao1, Zhaoxun Lian1

  • 1School of Science, Kaili University, Kaiyuan Road/556011, Kaili city, Guizhou province, 556011, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry
|June 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel cobalt(II) complex was synthesized and exhibits excellent third-order nonlinear optical properties. Its negative refraction behavior makes it promising for advanced photonic applications.

Keywords:
cobalt saltcobalt(II) complexcrystal structurenitrogen heterocyclic ligandphotonic applicationsthird-order nonlinear optical activity

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Preparation of SNS CobaltII Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase
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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

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Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Cobalt(II) complexes are explored for their unique electronic and optical properties.
  • Developing novel materials with third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties is crucial for advanced photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel mononuclear cobalt(II) complex.
  • To investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of the synthesized complex.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis was employed for complex preparation.
  • UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy was used to determine optical absorption bands.
  • Z-scan measurements were performed to evaluate third-order NLO properties.

Main Results:

  • A novel cobalt(II) complex, [Co(Hoba)2(bpp)2(H2O)2], was successfully synthesized.
  • The complex exhibits a hexacoordinate octahedral geometry and forms a 3D supramolecular framework via hydrogen bonding.
  • Significant third-order NLO properties were observed, including negative refraction (n2 = -1.47 × 10-12 m2/W) and high third-order susceptibility (χ(3) = 5.62 × 10-7 esu).

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized cobalt(II) complex displays promising third-order nonlinear optical characteristics.
  • Its negative refraction behavior and high nonlinear susceptibility suggest potential for advanced photonic applications.