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Digital transformation and corporate ESG performance: Research based on a capability-motivation dual framework
1Department of Global Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, South Korea.
Plos One
|June 11, 2025
Summary
Digital transformation (DT) significantly boosts corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance by easing financial constraints and reducing agency costs. This positive impact is more pronounced in mature companies and state-owned enterprises.
Area of Science:
- Business and Management
- Economics
- Information Systems
Background:
- Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance is increasingly critical.
- Digital Transformation (DT) is reshaping business operations and strategies.
- Understanding the nexus between DT and ESG performance is vital for sustainable business practices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically examine the impact mechanism of DT on corporate ESG performance.
- To investigate the heterogeneous characteristics of DT's influence on ESG.
- To provide a unified framework for understanding the DT-ESG relationship.
Main Methods:
- Utilized panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies (2010-2022).
- Employed a "capability-motivation" analytical framework.
- Applied robust econometric methods, including instrumental variables and system GMM.
Main Results:
- DT significantly enhances corporate ESG performance.
- DT improves ESG through alleviating financing constraints (resource effect) and reducing agency costs (governance effect).
- The positive effect of DT on ESG is more prominent in mature/declining companies and state-owned enterprises.
Conclusions:
- DT is a key driver of improved corporate ESG performance.
- The mechanisms of DT's impact involve both resource and governance effects.
- Heterogeneity in DT's impact across company lifecycles and ownership structures necessitates tailored strategies.
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