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Assessment of obstructive sleep apnea risk in different types of cleft lip and palate

Patrícia Jost1, Gabriela Utrago2, Felícia Miranda1,2

  • 1Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais de Bauru, Departamento de Ortodontia, Bauru, SP, Brasil.

Journal of Applied Oral Science : Revista FOB
|June 11, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk is high in children with clefts, with no significant difference between cleft types. Prior adenotonsillectomy surgery increases OSA risk.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Craniofacial Anomalies

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common comorbidity in children with craniofacial anomalies.
  • Cleft lip and palate conditions may predispose individuals to OSA due to altered airway anatomy.
  • Understanding OSA risk factors in this population is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk in patients with different types of cleft.
  • To investigate the association of OSA risk with sex, age, BMI, and prior adenotonsillectomy.

Main Methods:

  • The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered to 195 patients (5-18 years) with nonsyndromic cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, or isolated cleft palate.
  • Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of high OSA risk.
  • Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • Over half (51.3%) of the study sample exhibited a high risk of OSA.
  • The prevalence of high OSA risk was similar across cleft lip (51.8%), cleft lip and palate (53.1%), and isolated cleft palate (46.6%) groups.
  • A history of adenotonsillectomy surgery was a significant predictor of high OSA risk (OR=6.94).

Conclusions:

  • Cleft type does not appear to influence the frequency of high OSA risk.
  • Children with clefts who have undergone adenotonsillectomy remain at elevated risk for OSA.
  • Further investigation into airway management in this patient group is warranted.
Abstract

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