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Related Concept Videos

Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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A gallic acid coordination self-assembled multifunctional interphase enabling highly reversible Zn anodes.

Jingtao Chen1, Siyuan Shao1, Xiaoyan Lin1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|June 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a gallic acid-derived interphase to stabilize zinc anodes in batteries. This new coating prevents dendrites and water reactions, enabling longer life and lower voltage for efficient energy storage.

Keywords:
Gallic acidsKineticsZn anodesZn-ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Zinc metal batteries are promising for next-generation energy storage.
  • Practical use is limited by zinc anode issues like dendrites, hydrogen evolution, and poor kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a multifunctional interphase for zinc anodes.
  • To improve the stability and electrochemical performance of zinc metal batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Coordination self-assembly of a gallic acid-derived interphase (GSI) on the zinc surface.
  • Characterization of the GSI interphase's structure and properties.
  • Electrochemical testing of the modified zinc anode in batteries.

Main Results:

  • The GSI interphase guides uniform Zn2+ flux and lowers nucleation energy, enabling smooth plating/stripping.
  • GSI prevents direct contact between the zinc anode and electrolyte, suppressing side reactions.
  • The functionalized anode demonstrated a lifespan over 1550 h at 1 mA cm-2 with ~23 mV polarization.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, effective interfacial strategy using gallic acid was developed for zinc anodes.
  • The GSI interphase provides critical insights into molecular-level interface control.
  • This approach paves the way for high-efficiency aqueous zinc-ion energy storage systems.