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Risk vulnerability among children living in residential care in England: A study using multi-level models
Meryl F Westlake1, Dominika Dykiert1, Saul Hillman1
1Anna Freud, London, UK; Department of Clinical Education and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
Child Abuse & Neglect
|June 11, 2025
Summary
Children in residential care face significant risks. This study found that recent life events, older age, and being female increase vulnerability to harm, highlighting the need for routine risk assessments and staff training.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Social Work
- Public Health
Background:
- Children in residential care are a high-need population.
- Research on their co-occurring risk-taking behaviors (e.g., missing, substance misuse, self-harm) is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate patterns of vulnerability to external harm and self-harm in children in English residential care.
- To identify specific risk factors associated with these vulnerabilities.
Main Methods:
- Utilized archival data from the online BERRI Questionnaire completed by residential care staff.
- Analyzed data from 1114 children (aged 5-18) in children's homes and semi-independent accommodation.
- Employed multi-level modeling to account for the nested data structure.
Main Results:
- Children in semi-independent accommodation showed higher external risk harm than those in children's homes.
- Increased recent life events correlated with greater vulnerability to both external risk and self-harm.
- Older age was linked to higher external risk harm, while being female was associated with greater risk to self.
Conclusions:
- Specific subgroups of children in residential care exhibit distinct vulnerabilities to different types of risk.
- Routine risk assessments and enhanced staff training are crucial for identifying, monitoring, and mitigating potential harms.
- Targeted interventions are needed to safeguard vulnerable children in residential settings.
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