Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

33.4K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.4K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

2.2K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.2K
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

5.6K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.6K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

5.7K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
5.7K
Translation01:31

Translation

14.7K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
14.7K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

8.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
8.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Probucol will become a new model for treating cerebral infarction with a high risk of hemorrhage: A narrative review.

Brain circulation·2024
Same author

Evaluation of sustained drug release performance and osteoinduction of magnetron-sputtered tantalum-coated titanium dioxide nanotubes.

RSC advances·2024
Same author

Methylglyoxal-Derived Nucleoside Adducts Drive Vascular Dysfunction in a RAGE-Dependent Manner.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Therapeutic application of human type 2 innate lymphoid cells via induction of granzyme B-mediated tumor cell death.

Cell·2024
Same author

Withdrawn: Probucol will Become a New Model for Treating Cerebral Infarction with a High Risk of Hemorrhage

Current medicinal chemistry·2024
Same author

Synchronous Bilateral Brachial Blood Pressure Measurements Increased Orthostatic Hypotension Detection in the Elderly.

Current hypertension reviews·2023
Same journal

Metabolite-driven remodeling of hepatic lipid metabolism by the plasticizer di-isononyl phthalate.

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

Chronic Choline Restriction Remodels Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Drives Insulin Resistance through a CD36-ETNPPL Regulatory Axis.

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

Chronic semaglutide alters ingestive behavior without impairing taste function in mice.

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

RNASET2 degrades mRNAs that protect against lipotoxicity.

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Beta-hydroxybutyrate counteracts the deleterious effects of a saturated high-fat diet on synaptic AMPAR receptors and cognitive performance" [Mol Metabol (2025) 102207].

Molecular metabolism·2026
Same journal

Heterogeneous expression patterns of the T2D-associated kinesin-4 KIF21A in pancreatic islet endocrine cells.

Molecular metabolism·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.3K

Methylglyoxal-induced RNA modifications decrease RNA stability and translation and are associated with type 2

Edwin De Jesus Lopez Gonzalez1, Seigmund Wai Tsuen Lai1, Kelani Sun1

  • 1Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.

Molecular Metabolism
|June 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methylglyoxal modifies RNA, forming adducts like CEG, which are elevated in type 2 diabetes and linked to complications. This RNA damage impacts mRNA stability and translation, revealing a new disease marker.

Keywords:
DiabetesMethylglyoxalRNA damageRNA stabilityRNA translation

More Related Videos

Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death
10:34

Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death

Published on: December 21, 2016

6.4K
An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
07:46

An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity

Published on: October 8, 2018

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.3K
Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death
10:34

Measurement of Differentially Methylated INS DNA Species in Human Serum Samples as a Biomarker of Islet β Cell Death

Published on: December 21, 2016

6.4K
An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
07:46

An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity

Published on: October 8, 2018

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive aldehyde modifying proteins and nucleic acids.
  • MG-DNA and protein adducts are linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • The role of MG-induced RNA damage in disease remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the chemistry of MG-induced RNA adducts.
  • To investigate the association of these adducts with T2D and its complications.
  • To determine the impact of MG-induced RNA damage on RNA stability and translation.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro chemical characterization using analytical and spectroscopic techniques.
  • Detection of adducts in cellular RNA and human urine samples.
  • Assessment of mRNA stability and translation efficiency using luciferase assays.

Main Results:

  • Identified N²-(1-carboxyethyl)-guanosine (CEG) as a stable MG-induced RNA adduct found in cells and urine.
  • CEG levels were significantly elevated in T2D patients, correlating more strongly with T2D than MG-DNA adducts (CEdG).
  • CEG levels were higher in T2D patients with complications, and MG-modified mRNA showed reduced stability and translation.

Conclusions:

  • Established CEG as a specific, clinically relevant MG-induced RNA adduct.
  • Demonstrated CEG as a potential biomarker for T2D and its complications.
  • Showed that MG-induced RNA damage affects mRNA function, highlighting epitranscriptomic modifications in disease.