Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

43.5K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
43.5K
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

29.4K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
29.4K
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

20.8K
The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
20.8K
Prokaryotic Cells01:28

Prokaryotic Cells

34.7K
Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains — Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common microorganisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
Like eukaryotic cells, all prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane, have genetic material in the form of single, circular DNA, a cytoplasm that fills the interior of the cell, and ribosomes that synthesize...
34.7K
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

21.8K
Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
21.8K
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

16.9K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
16.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MLAC: MicroED-assisted ligand structure analysis in complexes and its application to hERG-ligand complexes.

Journal of structural biology·2026
Same author

A planar dimer of bovine ATP synthase.

Cell death and differentiation·2026
Same author

Regulatory mechanism of heme-regulated inhibitor through autophosphorylation-driven activation and heme-induced deactivation.

Journal of biochemistry·2026
Same author

Semi-automated MicroED system unveils multiple polymorphs in fish-derived guanine crystals.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2026
Same author

Cryo-EM Structure of the Human Mas Receptor Reveals N-terminal Occlusion of the Orthosteric Ligand Binding Pocket.

Journal of molecular biology·2026
Same author

Structural insights into biased signaling at chemokine receptor CCR7.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Isotope-Edited ESEEM: A New Method for Probing Copper Binding Sites in Neurodegenerative Proteins.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

Introduction to the Thematic Review Series on Intracellular Protein Degradation. The ubiquitous biology of intracellular protein degradation: a tribute to Alfred L. ("Fred") Goldberg.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

Correction: Aromatic residue-rich amino-terminal segments of temporin L self-assemble into collagen-mimetic peptides with cell-adhesion properties.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

YhbO is a DJ-1 family glyoxalase and α-oxoaldehyde hydratase that confers resistance to reactive carbonyl stress (112).

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

ARMH3 acts as a central scaffold at the Golgi/TGN through interactions with Arl5, GBF1, and PI4KB.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same journal

PAX8 controls proximal tubule epithelial identity and stress response through epigenetic modification of distal regulatory elements.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

12.1K

Bacterial genome-encoded ParMs.

Samson Ali1, Adrian Koh2, David Popp3

  • 1Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|June 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered chromosome-encoded ParMs (cParMs) in bacteria, challenging the notion that these proteins are exclusively plasmid-related. These cParMs function similarly to plasmid ParMs, suggesting broader roles in bacterial genetics.

Keywords:
DNA segregationParCMR systemParMnucleotide hydrolysisplasmid

More Related Videos

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
07:10

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

8.8K
Engineering Adherent Bacteria by Creating a Single Synthetic Curli Operon
15:28

Engineering Adherent Bacteria by Creating a Single Synthetic Curli Operon

Published on: November 16, 2012

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

12.1K
A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues
07:10

A Fluorescence-based Method to Study Bacterial Gene Regulation in Infected Tissues

Published on: February 19, 2019

8.8K
Engineering Adherent Bacteria by Creating a Single Synthetic Curli Operon
15:28

Engineering Adherent Bacteria by Creating a Single Synthetic Curli Operon

Published on: November 16, 2012

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • ParM proteins are typically found on low-copy-number plasmids, where they are essential for stable plasmid inheritance.
  • Bioinformatic analyses suggest ParM genes can also be located on bacterial chromosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover and characterize chromosome-encoded ParM proteins (cParMs).
  • To investigate the functional properties and evolutionary conservation of these cParMs.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of bacterial genomes.
  • Biochemical characterization of purified cParM proteins, including filament formation and nucleotide hydrolysis assays.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of cParM conservation.

Main Results:

  • Two cParMs were identified and characterized from Desulfitobacterium hafniense (Dh-cParM1) and Clostridium botulinum (Cb-cParM).
  • Both cParMs exhibit filament formation, nucleotide hydrolysis, and characteristic ParM structures.
  • Dh-cParM1 is conserved across multiple Desulfitobacterium species lacking plasmids.
  • Cb-cParM filaments show stability post-hydrolysis, and its associated ParR acts as a depolymerization factor.

Conclusions:

  • Functional, polymerizing ParM proteins can be encoded on bacterial chromosomes.
  • The discovery of cParMs suggests ParM proteins may have roles beyond plasmid segregation, potentially in chromosomal dynamics or other cellular processes.