[Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of pre-eclampsia]

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine
• Nephrology

Background:

• Preeclampsia diagnosis often occurs late, despite identifiable risk factors like edema and fetal growth restriction.
• Understanding the complex pathophysiology of preeclampsia, including microcirculatory disturbances, is essential for effective management.

Observation:

• Patients presented with late-stage preeclampsia, with historical or routine check-up indicators such as edema, fetal growth retardation, and oligohydramnios.
• Hypomagnesemia was observed in preeclampsia cases, aligning with existing literature.
• Microcirculatory failure, characterized by vasoconstriction and hemoconcentration, underlies preeclampsia's diverse organ manifestations.

Findings:

• Recommended early diagnostic markers include mean arterial blood pressure, hematocrit, uric acid, and total plasma protein.
• Magnesium sulfate is identified as the primary treatment for preeclampsia, acting as a physiological calcium antagonist.
• A hypothesis is supported that magnesium deficiency may predispose individuals to preeclampsia.

Implications:

• Early and sustained magnesium supplementation during pregnancy may be a strategy to reduce preeclampsia incidence.
• Tailored treatment protocols for preeclampsia are necessary, considering individual patient factors.
• Further research into the role of magnesium in preeclampsia pathogenesis and prevention is warranted.