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An updated review on the inhibition of exosome biogenesis, release, and uptake: a potential anticancer approach
Salar Ghaffari Gabaran1, Vahid Nejati1, Nihat Dilsiz2
1Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Abstract:
Extracellular vesicles, exosomes, have garnered significant attention in the field of cancer therapy, one of the world's deadliest diseases. Exosomes from cancer cells participate in the development of cancer. Inhibition of exosome biogenesis may be a promising way to combat cancer. Numerous drugs and agents have been assessed to inhibit exosome biogenesis, release, and uptake, which are the main factors contributing to cancer progression. Different drugs target several intracellular mechanisms to stop the exosome signalling pathway. They affect various intracellular pathways; for example, they can disrupt the endosomal sorting complex or interfere with the intracellular trafficking of exosomes Furthermore, some of them suppress or modulate genes and proteins involved in exosome generation and release. Exosome inhibition may also be associated with different side and non-targeting effects. Pre-clinical studies show promising outcomes; however, some challenges need to be addressed in future studies. This review describes the properties of exosome inhibitor agents, focusing on the specific pathways involved in exosome biogenesis, release, and uptake.
Insights
Inhibiting cancer cell exosomes, tiny vesicles involved in cancer growth, shows promise for therapy. Targeting exosome biogenesis, release, and uptake offers a potential strategy to combat this deadly disease.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by cancer cells, play a crucial role in cancer development and progression.
- Targeting exosome-mediated signaling represents a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and describe agents that inhibit exosome biogenesis, release, and uptake.
- To focus on the specific intracellular pathways targeted by these exosome inhibitor agents.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical studies and existing literature on exosome inhibitor agents.
- Analysis of drugs and agents targeting intracellular mechanisms of exosome production and trafficking.
- Examination of pathways involved in endosomal sorting and intracellular transport of exosomes.
Main Results:
- Various drugs and agents effectively inhibit exosome biogenesis, release, or uptake through diverse intracellular mechanisms.
- Inhibitors can disrupt the endosomal sorting complex or interfere with exosome trafficking.
- Some agents suppress genes and proteins critical for exosome generation and release.
Conclusions:
- Inhibition of exosome biogenesis and signaling presents a promising avenue for cancer therapy.
- Preclinical studies demonstrate encouraging outcomes, but challenges remain.
- Further research is needed to address side effects and optimize exosome-targeted cancer treatments.
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