Metschnikowia bicuspidata in aquaculture: Pathogenesis, characteristics, and biocontrol approaches

Area of Science:

• Aquatic microbiology
• Yeast pathogenesis
• Aquaculture disease management

Background:

• Metschnikowia bicuspidata is a pathogenic yeast causing significant disease outbreaks, notably milky disease in aquaculture.
• Its psychrotolerant nature enables survival and exploitation of aquatic hosts under adverse conditions, increasing its impact in high-density farming.
• Understanding M. bicuspidata is crucial for mitigating economic losses in the aquaculture industry.

Purpose of the Study:

• To consolidate current knowledge on Metschnikowia bicuspidata.
• To review its pathogenesis, genomic characteristics, histopathology, and treatment options.
• To identify future research directions for effective disease management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review consolidating existing research on M. bicuspidata.
• Analysis of studies on yeast pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.
• Evaluation of current and potential treatment strategies and biocontrol methods.

Main Results:

• M. bicuspidata poses a significant threat to aquaculture due to its resilience and host adaptability.
• Current treatments like antibiotics and Massoia lactone show promise but face challenges including environmental impact and resistance.
• Genomic research and novel biocontrol approaches, such as nanotechnology, offer new avenues for management.

Conclusions:

• There is an urgent need for effective and environmentally friendly strategies to control M. bicuspidata in aquaculture.
• Further research into genomic mechanisms and advanced biocontrol is essential.
• Integrated approaches combining biological and technological solutions are key to combating this pathogen.