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Area of Science:

  • Condensed-matter physics
  • Quantum simulation
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Ultracold fermionic atoms in optical lattices are key for simulating Hubbard models, fundamental to condensed-matter physics.
  • Current accessible temperatures in these systems are too high for many critical research questions.
  • Simulating strongly correlated states classically is extremely challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a significant reduction in temperature for ultracold fermionic atoms in optical lattices.
  • To enable large-scale quantum simulations of the Hubbard model in a new, lower-temperature regime.
  • To explore new pathways for achieving low temperatures in doped Hubbard models.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic control of Hubbard model parameters to transform low-entropy states into strongly correlated states.
  • Achieving ultra-low temperatures (T/t = 0.05) at half-filling, verified by comparison with numerically exact simulations.
  • Utilizing quantum simulation to identify novel low-temperature pathways for doped systems, validated against auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a several-fold reduction in temperature, reaching T/t = 0.05 at half-filling with near-saturated antiferromagnetic order.
  • Identified a new quantum simulation pathway for achieving low temperatures in doped Hubbard models.
  • Observed short-range spin correlations consistent with state-of-the-art numerical methods.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated temperature reduction opens a new regime for quantum simulations of the Hubbard model.
  • This advancement facilitates the study of complex phenomena like the pseudogap and stripe phases in material analogues.
  • The work fosters synergy between quantum simulation, numerical methods, and theoretical studies, paving the way for new physics discoveries.