[Congenital upward displacement of the shoulder blade]

Congenital upward displacement of the scapula is typified by changes in the shape, position, and attitude of the scapula; in a high percentage of cases it is associated with other malformations of the axial skeleton and the internal organs. As a result of the malposition of the scapula and its insufficient mobility in the scapulocostal joint the ability to raise the upper arm is limited. The need for treatment of this condition derives on the one hand from cosmetic considerations and on the other from the limitation of the mobility of the upper arm. However, in addition to this, the diagnosis of Sprengel's deformity must also lead one to look for accompanying malformations which may have much more serious consequences than the simple upward displacement of the scapula. Surgery represents the only effective form of treatment for Sprengel's deformity. The indication for surgery is based on a classification by degrees, taking both the functional loss as well as the conspicuousness into consideration. The choice of surgical procedure will depend on the severity of the malformation and the age of the patient.