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Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology

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Patterns of School-to-Work-Transition Societies With High Rates of NEETs.

Claudia Petrescu¹, Bogdan Voicu^1,2,3, Adriano Mauro Ellena⁴

¹Romanian Academy/Research Institute for Quality of Life, Bucharest, Romania.

Journal of Adolescence

|June 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

European countries adopted policies for youth not in employment, education, or training (NEET) to improve school-to-work transition (SWT). However, national specificities limit policy convergence, maintaining distinct transition regimes.

Keywords:

NEET labor market integration public policies school to work transition

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Area of Science:

Socioeconomic Policy
Labor Economics
European Studies

Background:

Rising concern in Europe regarding youth not in employment, education, or training (NEET).
Focus on policy measures to enhance school-to-work transition (SWT) and youth labor market integration.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore and depict policy measures for stimulating SWT and youth work integration in four EU countries.
To assess and compare NEET-related policies across Bulgaria, Italy, Portugal, and Romania.

Main Methods:

Utilized a database of NEET-related policies from 1990-2022 across seven EU countries.
Assessed existing regulations in Bulgaria, Italy, Portugal, and Romania.
Compared policy adoption likelihood across 11 policy types against three other EU countries.

Main Results:

Fragmented Romanian system aligns with post-socialist residual regime; Bulgaria's EU-driven model also reflects this.
Italian policies face cultural barriers (familyism, financial transfers) hindering tailored training and employer engagement.
Portuguese approach shows limited focus on tailored measures and specific vulnerable groups.

Conclusions:

All four countries implemented policies within the European framework, yet country-specific factors persist.
Policy convergence is limited, filtered by distinct School-to-Work-Transition (SWT) regimes.
National specificities maintain the countries' respective regime types despite common policy goals.