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Ultrathin 3D Cu/Li Composite with Enhanced Li Utilization for High Energy Density Li-Metal Battery Anodes.

Inyeong Yang1,2, Hyunwoong Baek1, Dong Geun Kim1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel ultrathin 3D copper/lithium composite anode for lithium-metal batteries. This lightweight anode suppresses dendrite growth and improves cycle life, paving the way for safer, high-performance energy storage.

Keywords:
Li‐metal anodesLi‐metal batteriescomposite anodeselectrodepositionmolten Li infiltration

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) offer high energy density but face challenges with lithium dendrite formation on anodes.
  • Dendrite growth in lithium-metal anodes (LMAs) compromises battery safety and cycle life, hindering practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultrathin, lightweight, and high-performance lithium-metal anode.
  • To suppress dendrite formation and enhance the stability of lithium-metal anodes at high current densities.
  • To gain novel insights into the lithium infiltration mechanism within composite structures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an ultrathin 3D Cu/Li composite anode (<30 µm) using electrochemical etching and electrodeposition.
  • Thermal infiltration of lithium into the 3D copper scaffold.
  • Electrochemical characterization and analysis of Li infiltration mechanisms (forces, interfacial chemistry, thermodynamics).

Main Results:

  • The 3D Cu/Li composite anode achieved a specific capacity of 514 mA h g⁻¹.
  • The anode effectively reduced current density and suppressed lithium dendrite growth, enabling stable high-current performance.
  • A 335% improvement in cycle life was observed in a Li@Cu||LFP cell compared to conventional Li on Cu foil anodes.

Conclusions:

  • The ultrathin 3D Cu/Li composite anode presents a robust platform for lightweight, high-performance LMAs.
  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of Li infiltration mechanisms, crucial for next-generation LMB development.
  • This structural innovation maximizes Li utilization and enhances battery cycle life and safety.