Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor...

Lateralization

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

Cerebral Hemispheres

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Contextual Role Modulates Object Representational Geometry in the Human Brain.

ArXiv·2026

Same author

Causal dependencies between frontal and temporal lobe regions underlying word search and retrieval.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Insight into Haploinsufficiency of the ERBB4 Gene: Expanding the Spectrum of Associated Phenotypes.

Journal of autism and developmental disorders·2026

Same author

Clinical and biomechanical biomarkers of altered functional transitions in lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026

Same author

Normative Gray Matter Stiffness Gradients in the Human Brain Predict Patterns of Cortical Injury after Concussion.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

Same author

The Impact of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Multidisciplinary Team Evaluation on the Management of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions.

United European gastroenterology journal·2026

Same journal

Layered social competition coordinates reproductive hierarchy formation in ants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Combination epigenetic-targeted therapy increases the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic sarcomas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Loss of LanC-like proteins delays post-injury regeneration of aging skeletal muscles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Integrative Transfer Network: Deep Transfer Learning Across Populations and Prediction Targets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Confidence-supported label-free metabolic imaging with FPhaS phase autofluorescence microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Sequence-encoded autoinhibition couples mRNA decapping activity to phase separation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

Causal Lesion Evidence for Two Motor Speech Coordination Networks in the Brain.

William Burns¹, Emma Strawderman^1,2, Steven P Meyers^1,3

¹Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|June 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lesions in specific brain regions reveal distinct neural pathways for controlling the larynx and orofacial muscles during speech production. This research clarifies sensory-to-motor transformations essential for vocalization.

Keywords:

functional MRI left precentral gyrus left superior temporal gyrus left supramarginal gyrus lesion-symptom mapping melody humming sentence repetition speech production

More Related Videos

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients

Published on: September 1, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum

Published on: March 21, 2019

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients

Published on: September 1, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Speech Science
Motor Control

Background:

Speech production relies on complex sensory-to-motor transformations to coordinate laryngeal and orofacial muscles.
Understanding the neural basis of these transformations is crucial for diagnosing and treating speech disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causal role of distinct brain regions in sensory-to-motor transformations for laryngeal and orofacial motor control during speech.
To differentiate the neural networks supporting pitch processing and somatosensory feedback in speech.

Main Methods:

Examined neural responses in patients with lesions in the left temporal lobe (pitch processing) and left inferior parietal lobe (somatosensory processing).
Compared fMRI responses during sentence repetition and humming tasks.
Analyzed functional connectivity in neurotypical participants.

Main Results:

Left temporal lobe lesions reduced neural responses in the dorsal precentral gyrus (laryngeal control) during speech and humming.
Left inferior parietal lobe lesions reduced responses in the ventral precentral gyrus (orofacial control) during speech but not humming.
Functional connectivity analyses confirmed distinct pathways from temporal and parietal regions to the precentral gyrus.

Conclusions:

Provides causal lesion evidence for dissociable neural networks supporting laryngeal and orofacial motor control.
Highlights the distinct roles of temporal and parietal regions in sensory-to-motor transformations for speech.
Advances understanding of the neural architecture underlying speech production.