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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Microbiome composition shapes temperature tolerance in a Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila.

Donald K Price1, Kristian West1, Michelle Cevallos-Zea1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154. USA.

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Hawaiian fruit flies adapted to different elevations show distinct gut microbes. These microbes influence fly survival and reproduction, highlighting their role in local adaptation and conservation for these endangered insects.

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Hawaiian Drosophilamicrobiomepopulation genomicstemperature tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Hawaiian picture-winged *Drosophila* face significant biodiversity loss.
  • Gut microbiota are crucial for host adaptation, affecting traits like stress tolerance and reproduction.
  • Understanding microbiome roles is key to conserving threatened species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the influence of microbial communities on local adaptation in *Drosophila basisetae* populations.
  • Examine how distinct bacterial and fungal communities between high- and low-elevation populations affect host physiology.
  • Determine the role of microbiome-host-environment interactions in phenotypic plasticity and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Microbiome profiling using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of wild *Drosophila basisetae*.
  • Whole-genome resequencing to identify population genetic structure and signs of selection.
  • Experimental manipulation of microbiome composition in laboratory-reared flies under varying temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Distinct bacterial and fungal communities were found between high- and low-elevation fly populations.
  • Microbiome inoculations altered host survival and reproductive output, with population-specific effects.
  • Evidence of localized adaptation and complex interactions between microbiome, temperature, and fly population.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial communities significantly modulate host thermal tolerance and reproductive investment in *Drosophila basisetae*.
  • Microbiome-host-environment interactions contribute to phenotypic plasticity and adaptation.
  • Findings have critical implications for the conservation of Hawaiian ecosystems and threatened *Drosophila* species.