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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

947
Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

818
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
818
The Proteasome Structure01:17

The Proteasome Structure

716
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a well-known mechanism utilized by eukaryotic cells to remove cytoplasmic proteins that are misfolded, damaged, or no longer needed. In this pathway, the protein that needs to be eliminated undergoes a process called ubiquitination, where a chain of ubiquitin molecules is attached to the 48th lysine residue of the target protein. This ubiquitin modification helps the proteasome distinguish between a target protein and a healthy protein.
The proteasome is an...
716

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Proteasome-derived antimicrobial peptides discovered via deep learning.

Xiaoqiong Xia1,2,3,4, Marcelo D T Torres1,2,3,4, Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez1,2,3,4

  • 1Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered novel antimicrobial peptides called proteasomins derived from the human proteasome. These peptides show potential for developing new treatments against drug-resistant bacteria.

Keywords:
Proteasomeantibioticsantimicrobial peptidesartificial intelligencecross-talk hypothesisdeep learningencrypted peptideshost immunityinnate immunitymachine learning

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The human proteome contains previously unrecognized bioactive peptides involved in host immunity.
  • The
  • cross-talk hypothesis
  • proposes that molecules outside traditional immune roles actively contribute to immunity.
  • Previous studies identified proteasome-derived peptides with potential antimicrobial activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and characterize novel antimicrobial peptides from the human proteasome.
  • To investigate the potential of these peptides as therapeutics against clinically relevant pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized deep learning to mine ProteasomeDB for potential antimicrobial peptides.
  • Predicted antibiotic activity against 11 pathogens using a deep learning model.
  • Characterized physicochemical properties and sequence diversity of identified peptides.

Main Results:

  • Discovered 59 candidate antimicrobial peptides, termed
  • proteasomins
  • ,
  • with a median minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤64 μmol/L.
  • Refined to 21 sequence-diverse proteasomins with cationic residues and enhanced amphiphilicity.
  • UMAP analysis confirmed proteasomins are distinct from known antimicrobial peptides.

Conclusions:

  • The proteasome is a source of novel antimicrobial peptides with potential therapeutic applications.
  • Proteasomins represent a new class of innate immune peptides.
  • These findings offer a foundation for developing innovative treatments for multidrug-resistant pathogens.