Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

32
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
32
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

341
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
341
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K
Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

12.9K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
12.9K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
Factorial Design02:01

Factorial Design

13.0K
Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
13.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Author Correction: Cerebellar aging is spatially heterogeneous and supports cognitive resilience in later life.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Charting Cervical Spinal Cord Morphometry Across the Lifespan.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The genetic architecture of cortical similarity networks.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Cerebellar aging is spatially heterogeneous and supports cognitive resilience in later life.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Normative modeling for quantitative brain MRI phenotyping and biomarker discovery for pediatric leukodystrophies.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: White matter micro- and macrostructure brain charts for the human lifespan.

Nature·2026
Same journal

A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> uses a eukaryotic-like uridyltransferase to make UDP-GlcNAc for cell wall synthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic redistribution of eIF4F controls cap-dependent translation initiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

When does additional information improve accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Normative brain-state trajectories reveal deviation from healthy aging in Alzheimer's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.4K

Comparing Brain-Behavior Relationships Across Dimensional, Tail-Sampled, and Propensity-Matched Models.

K Murtha, L Dorfschmidt, R A I Bethlehem

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |June 12, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sampling from the tails of brain structure distributions in large cohorts enhances effect sizes for brain-wide association studies (BWAS). This approach generally improves the detection of biological, clinical, and cognitive outcomes.

    More Related Videos

    Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
    04:35

    Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

    Published on: July 3, 2020

    3.3K
    Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
    06:52

    Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

    Published on: September 17, 2019

    6.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

    A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
    08:12

    A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

    Published on: March 1, 2022

    2.4K
    Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
    04:35

    Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach

    Published on: July 3, 2020

    3.3K
    Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
    06:52

    Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills

    Published on: September 17, 2019

    6.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Quantitative Psychology
    • Biostatistics

    Background:

    • Large population cohorts are essential for robust brain-wide association studies (BWAS).
    • Sampling from extreme distributions (tails) may increase effect sizes and reproducibility in BWAS.
    • The impact of sample sociodemographic variability on BWAS effect sizes is understudied.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how different sampling strategies (dimensional, tail-sampled, propensity-matched) affect effect sizes in BWAS.
    • To compare the utility of these sampling methods using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.
    • To determine the influence of sample characteristics on brain-behavior associations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized multivariate regression models to estimate brain-behavior associations.
    • Compared effect sizes across full-sample dimensional, tail-sampled, and propensity-matched groups.
    • Employed brain structural imaging phenotypes as independent variables and biological/psychological outcomes as dependent variables from the ABCD Study®.

    Main Results:

    • Effect sizes increased as expected when moving from full-sample dimensional models to tail-sampled group models.
    • Propensity-matched group models showed a mixed impact, increasing effect sizes for some outcomes while decreasing them for others.
    • Tail sampling of brain structure measures generally amplified effect sizes across diverse outcome types.

    Conclusions:

    • Sampling from the tails of brain structure distributions is a viable strategy to increase effect sizes in BWAS.
    • The impact of sampling strategy on BWAS findings is not uniform, particularly for propensity-matched groups.
    • Findings support the utility of tail sampling for enhancing the detection of brain-behavior relationships across biological, clinical, and cognitive domains.