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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Multi-Omic Profiling Identifies Conserved Metabolic Pathways Critical for SARS-CoV-2 Variants Infection.

Scotland E Farley1,2, Jennifer E Kyle1,3, Helene Jahn1,2

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SARS-CoV-2 infection consistently alters host cell lipid metabolism across variants like Delta and Omicron. This metabolic reprogramming involves key enzymes, suggesting lipid pathways as targets for broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Metabolomics
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibit increased transmissibility and immune evasion.
  • Understanding virus-induced host metabolic reprogramming is crucial despite vaccination.
  • Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2's impact on host metabolism are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate conserved virus-induced lipid remodeling across SARS-CoV-2 variants.
  • To determine if lipid abundance changes correlate with alterations in lipid biosynthetic enzymes.
  • To identify host proteins critical for SARS-CoV-2-mediated lipid remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Global untargeted lipidomics and quantitative proteomics on A549-ACE2 cells.
  • Infection of cells with SARS-CoV-2 ancestral WA1, Delta, and Omicron variants.
  • Analysis of host proteome changes and correlation with lipidomic data.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 consistently reprograms host metabolism across variants at lipidomic and proteomic levels.
  • Identified key host proteins involved in lipid remodeling: FASN, LIPA, and ORMDL2.
  • Mapped host metabolic enzyme expression changes against corresponding lipid abundance shifts.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants display conserved metabolic dependencies.
  • Host lipid metabolism is significantly altered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Targeting host lipid metabolism may offer a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy against SARS-CoV-2.