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Association between maternal chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the neurodevelopment of children: A

Yewan Park1,2, Jihye Heo3,4, Danbee Kang3,4

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Preventive Medicine Reports
|June 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Maternal Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is linked to a slightly increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in children. Children with direct HBV infection face a higher NDD risk, highlighting the need for interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Maternal Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been suspected to impact offspring neurodevelopment.
  • Limited data exists on the specific association between maternal HBV and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between maternal HBV infection and the risk of NDD in offspring.
  • To assess if direct HBV infection in children further modifies NDD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using Korean National Health Insurance Service data (2005-2019).
  • Included live births where mothers underwent HBV surface antigen testing.
  • Propensity score matching (1:3 ratio) compared children of HBV-infected mothers with controls, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • The study included 263,904 children of HBV-infected mothers and 791,712 matched controls.
  • Offspring of mothers with HBV had a slightly elevated NDD risk (HR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04).
  • Children with direct HBV infection showed a significantly higher NDD risk (HR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09-1.28).

Conclusions:

  • Maternal HBV infection is associated with a modest increase in NDD risk for offspring.
  • Direct HBV infection in children further elevates this risk.
  • Further research and targeted interventions are warranted to address the neurodevelopmental impact of maternal HBV infection.
Abstract

Keywords:
Hepatitis B virusKorean National Health Insurance ServiceMaternal viral infectionNeurodevelopmental disordersPaediatric outcomes

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